Keywords
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether perfluorocarbon (PFO) liquids can exacerbate condensation on intraocular lenses (IOL).
Methods: Two separate experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, a two-segment chamber was constructed out of glass and acrylic panels to serve as an in-vitro eye model. The chamber was placed on a non-activated cooling plate with two IOLs of the same material, one in each segment. 2.0 ml of PFO and/or water for the control were placed in the respective receptacle. The cooling plate was then activated to the desired temperatures. Condensation on the lenses was visually assessed via high-definition ultra-zoom camera by trained observers for three temperatures and three IOL materials.
In the second experiment, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy wasemployed to determine the composition of the droplets forming after condensation.
Results: The presence of PFO liquid in a closed chamber exacerbates the intensity and likelihood of condensation on all intraocular material types. Condensation of PFO on surfaces in the presence of water was confirmed with FTIR spectroscopy by the isolation of specific absorption bands. Furthermore, material type also affects the characteristics of condensation, with silicone lenses inducing the fastest rate and intensity of condensation.
Conclusions: Our study shows that the presence of perfluoro-n-octane is a significant factor in the formation of condensation on the posterior surface of IOLs when performing vitrectomy in a pseudophakic patient with posterior capsulotomy.
References
Congdon N, Vingerling JR, Klein BE, et al. Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group. Prevalence of cataract and pseudophakia/aphakia among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(4):487-494.
Rowe JA, Erie JC, Baratz KH, et al. Retinal detachment in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976 through 1995. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:154-159.
Brazitikos PD, Androudi S, D'Amico DJ, et al. Perfluorocarbon liquid utilization in primary vitrectomy repair of retinal detachment with multiple breaks. Retina. 2003;23(5):615-621.
Chang S, Ozmert E, Zimmerman NJ, et al. Intraoperative perfluorocarbon liquids in the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;106: 668-674.
Brazitikos, PR. Perfluorocarbon liquid utilization in primary vitrectomy repair of retinal detachment with multiple breaks. Retina. 2003; 23:615-621.
Eaton AM, Jaffe GJ, McCuen BW 2nd, et al. Condensation on the posterior surface of silicone intraocular lenses during fluid-air exchange. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(5):733-736.
Hainsworth DP, Chen SN, Cox TA, et al. Condensation on polymethylmethacrylate, acrylic polymer, and silicone intraocular lenses after fluid-air exchange in rabbits. Ophthalmology. 1996;103(9):140-148.
Jaffe GJ. Management of condensation on a foldable acrylic intraocular lens after vitrectomy and fluid-air exchange. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124:692-693.
Kusaka S, Kodama T, Ohashi Y. Condensation of silicone oil on the posterior surface of a silicone intraocular lens during vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121:574-575.
Eaton AM, Jaffe GJ, McCuen BW II, et al. Condensation on the posterior surface of silicone intraocular lenses during fluid-air exchange. Ophthalmology. 1995;102:733-736.
Porter RG, Peters JD, Bourke RD. De-misting condensation on intraocular lenses. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:778-782.
Browning DJ, Fraser CM. Clinical management of silicone intraocular lens condensation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139(4):740-742.
Stuart BH. In Infrared spectroscopy: fundamentals and applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005:71-93.
Stuart BH. In Infrared spectroscopy: fundamentals and applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005;95-111.
Moran MJ, Shapiro HN, Boettner DB, Bailey MB. Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics. Dec 2010 Wiley; 7th edition
Bergman TL, Lavine AS, Incropera FP, et al. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. April 2011. Wiley; 7th edition.
Baillif S, Baziard-Mouysset G, Roques C, et al. Calculation of intraocular lens surface free energy and its components from contact angle measurements. Ophthalmic Res. 2013;50(3):165-173.